This is the first of a two-case series. The first Case (A) discusses the evolution of the circus industry up until the emergence of Cirque du Soleil. This case provides a detailed discussion on the structure of the circus industry to make possible a rich analysis of how its industry attractiveness has changed over time and the challenges the industry now confronts. The case reveals that the industry had become a red ocean with limited profit and growth potential. To achieve this, students are asked to address the following questions: 1) How would they assess the attractiveness of the circus industry in the early 1980s? What would you conclude from your industry analysis? 2) What were the factors the traditional circuses competed on? What made these factors more or less relevant over time? The second case (B), shows how one company, Cirque du Soleil reconstructed the industry to create a blue ocean. It is an excellent and important complement to the first case. A video called 'The Evolution of the Circus Industry' is available for free faculty download at www.blueoceanstrategy.com. This case has been featured on the ecch website, click to view the article. 'The Evolution of the Circus Industry (A)' case has received the 2009 ECCH overall winning case award and won the Strategy and General Management category in the 2006 ECCH European Case Awards. A video clip free for instructor download is available at www.blueoceanstrategy.com. **ecch European Case Awards Category Winner 2006 and ecch European Case Awards Overall Winner 2009.