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The case expands its companion case, 'Al-Shabaab, Gatekeepers, and the Ethics of Humanitarian Aid', from the level of individual-within-organization to the level of organization-within-political system. The dire need for humanitarian assistance to Somalia's hundreds of thousands of internally displaced persons (IDPs) was confounded by the presence of a government that seemed hopelessly weak. Weak governmental institutions created a power vacuum largely filled by Al-Shabaab, a jihadist group with geo-political and religious ambitions. The conditions insisted on by Al-Shabaab gatekeepers and their senior leaders (shura) resulted in the eviction of several NGOs from Somalia. Their reluctant exit left many other humanitarian aid organizations to contemplate whether 'negotiating with terrorists' was worth it when such negotiations perpetuated the system of corruption, oppression, and physical danger.