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This chapter is excerpted from 'The New Age Urban Transportation Systems: Cases from Asian Economies, Volume II'. Urbanization is the most common global phenomenon in recent times which brings upon huge stress in the existing transportation infrastructure systems in cities. Interestingly, urban (transportation) challenges are more significant in developing countries and specifically in fast growing Asian countries. This is due to the fact that land occupation is very dense and social aspirations for growth (and therefore mobility) are much higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Limited urban space and infrastructure fail to meet the rapid and huge demands in traffic volume and better quality of services. Therefore the need for design, development, operations and regulation of modern urban transportation systems is more intense than ever. Infrastructural development and transportation operations are mainly directed at citizen welfare, and they require huge capital investments. Therefore, in many countries urban transportation projects are initiated and executed by the states. Mostly, states opt for private participation so as to minimize the risks in terms of project design, time planning, consortia participation, and quality of execution. This brings a very interesting caveat to the domain. Per se, there are several commonalities in the planning and management of urban transportation projects across the globe. But the approach and solutions have to be developed specific to a local context and relevance. Urban transportation as a domain, is multi-disciplinary, interdependencies between the components are complex and repeatability (and inter-operability) of developed models or solutions is near impossible. Specific challenges include land use planning based on socio-economic distribution, project designing, implementation, financial analysis, governmental decisions that involve several stakeholders with varied capabilities and roles. We comprehensively cover the domain background, challenges involved in developing such large scale, capital intensive projects of long gestation period and various approaches adopted by different countries. We substantiate our discussions with five real-life cases on modern urban transportation systems from Asian countries, as an illustration of what works and what does not in a particular context. The book is aimed as a one-point reference on modern day developments on urban transportation for a readership of consultants, practitioners, developers, policy makers, and academicians.