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La Oroya, Peru, and Herculaneum, Missouri, USA are two cities 4,000 miles apart but beset with common health and environmental risk: high levels of lead contamination. A key participant in this unfolding tale of environmental disaster has been The Renco Group, a privately held investment holding company based in New York. This case study sheds light on The Renco Group's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in a developing country (Peru) as distinct from CSR in a developed country (USA) by presenting the distinctive set of formal and informal forces that shape the ethical outcome. The question - one which animates much of this case - is what mechanisms exist that work either collectively or individually to encourage or even require a privately-owned firm to act in a socially responsible manner or, more modestly, to cease activities that are deemed to harm society or the general welfare in a multi-country context?