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IBM had one of the best research facilities in the world and employed world-class research scientists. Over the years, researchers at IBM Research developed a number of products that became the foundations of the IT Industry. However, IBM either failed to commercialise most of the innovations that came out of its labs or was late in marketing them. This led to a number of smaller companies growing big on IBM's innovations. In the 1980s and the early-1990s, IBM transformed itself under the leadership of CEO Louis Gerstner. The transformation involved comprehensive changes, prominent among which were the changes made in the research culture that facilitated faster technology transfer.