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In order to manage the coming impact of AIDS, it was suggested that South Africa investigate the growth of the epidemic in other countries where it was further evolved. However, even in the industrialised countries, the trajectory of HIV/AIDS was not static but mutable. Not only were there very different patterns of the syndrome in the industrialised countries when compared with the developing world, but the effect of the epidemic on African economies would differ drastically as well. Peter Doyle, Group MD of Metropolitan and the author of the Metropolitan Doyle Model, noted: 'in Europe and North America the impact of HIV infection has in practice been modest. In Africa, however, the impact has, and will be, significant'. The situation in South Africa was unique; the country had a modern economy, was skills-dependent and technologically advanced.The case examines the larger social, political and economic impacts associated with the South African epidemic, as well as those obstacles that have prevented South Africa from formulating an adequate response. Brazil's response is explored, and its appropriateness for South Africa is posed as a discussion question for the students to debate. Also included is an overview of global HIV infection, estimates and norms, by geographic region.