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Based on historical data, this case refers to the setting up of a new milk processing unit in an existing Tanzanian dairy plant. Unable to finance such a project from the state budget, the government of Tanzania filed an assistance request to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) which was met by a Finnida - Finnish International Development Agency proposal to extend capacity by 13,000 litres per day, using Finnish technology developed by Elecster Oy for producing Ultra High Temperature (UHT) treated milk. The project document, prepared by Elecster, consisted of three elements: technical specification of the equipment, a work plan with the timetable for the installation, and the budget. Concentrating on the technical merits of the planned plant compared with other methods of milk processing, it made only cursory reference to aspects such as justification, target group, objectives, etc, which were already included in such documents in the 1970s. The objectives of the project were nonetheless stated in an accompanying Finnida 'Project description' document, and defined as: (1) providing good quality milk that does not require refrigeration; (2) reducing milk- processing costs; and (3) preventing losses through spoilage. The project ultimately failed, on whatever the grounds it was assessed.