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Case
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Reference no. HKS0794.0
Published by: Harvard Kennedy School
Published in: 1988
Length: 19 pages

Abstract

In the first months of 1979, the Shah of Iran - on whom successive American administrations had relied as a pillar of strength in a strategic and turbulent region - fell from power. Less than a year earlier, no analyst, inside or outside government, came close to predicting that the shah was in such trouble. This case examines the interplay of intelligence assessment and policy in US decision-making with regard to Iran. The lack of intelligence was important, but even more so were the mindsets of policymakers: the mullahs could not govern Iran; the shah could outmaneuver the political opposition, as he had in the 1960s; and, most important, Iran and the shah were so crucial to the United States that American officials could hardly afford to ask themselves, or their analysts, if he might fall.

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Abstract

In the first months of 1979, the Shah of Iran - on whom successive American administrations had relied as a pillar of strength in a strategic and turbulent region - fell from power. Less than a year earlier, no analyst, inside or outside government, came close to predicting that the shah was in such trouble. This case examines the interplay of intelligence assessment and policy in US decision-making with regard to Iran. The lack of intelligence was important, but even more so were the mindsets of policymakers: the mullahs could not govern Iran; the shah could outmaneuver the political opposition, as he had in the 1960s; and, most important, Iran and the shah were so crucial to the United States that American officials could hardly afford to ask themselves, or their analysts, if he might fall.

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