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The water crisis in African countries is quite severe with two out of five people lacking access to an improved water supply. The implication of this problem goes beyond diseases and deaths due to water-related disease. Particularly in peri-urban and rural areas, women and girls have to commute long distances (up to 8 kilometres) and spend hours collecting water from water sources that could be contaminated. In places where people rely on bore-wells, pumps may break down forcing them to go back to unsafe water sources. Since, the responsibility of fetching water in Africa is linked to gender, women and girls spend a disproportionate part of their time hauling water. This prevents the girl child from attending school regularly, and women from indulging in other economic activity or spending more time with their family. Touched by the hardship faced by these people, Trevor Field a UK-born advertising professional who had emigrated to South Africa, sought to do something to address this problem. In the late-1980s, he chanced upon a child''s roundabout (merry-go-round) fitted with a pump that could pump water as it turned. Field worked with the inventor of this roundabout to bring about improvements in the system, and later developed the PlayPump Water System that was attached to a high-capacity storage tank and a tap. The four surfaces of the storage tank were used as billboards for commercial and public education / social messages (such as HIV / AIDS prevention). Revenue earned from the advertising helped maintain the water systems for up to a decade. Field co-founded a for-profit organisation with a social mission, and Roundabout Outdoor Party Ltd were instructed to install and maintain these PlayPumps in various parts of Southern Africa. The funds for installing the PlayPumps were arranged by PlayPumps International, a non-profit organisation also co-founded by Field. By the end of 2007, more than 1,000 PlayPumps had been installed in four countries in Southern Africa. Experts felt that the PlayPump was a social innovation that was also sustainable. Field had succeeded in scaling up installations of the water system across five countries in Southern Africa by adopting an innovative business model based on collaboration with individuals, corporations, governments, foundations, and non-governmental organisations, they said. However, Field faced a number of challenges in scaling up further as he aimed to install 4,000 PlayPumps in ten African countries by 2010. The case will help students to: (1) understand the issues and challenges in starting a social enterprise and managing growth and maturity; (2) understand and explore ways in which a social entrepreneur can build a sustainable business in developing and emerging markets - especially with respect to serving the base of the pyramid population - while addressing some of the most pressing issues confronting the global community; (3) understand the issues and challenges faced by social entrepreneurs in sustaining innovation and also in sustaining the enterprise financially; and (4) study the reasons for the success of the Roundabout Outdoor thus far, and explore ways in which the venture can be scaled up further in Africa and beyond. This case is designed for MBA / MS students and is intended to be part of the specialised elective on social entrepreneurship or in a core strategy course. It includes a detailed teaching note.